Disable "Reopen Windows When Restart" in Mac OS X

In Mavericks,
System Preferences, in General , click the "Close windows when quitting an application" option.

Show Hidden Files in Mac OS

Show Hidden Files

For OS X Mavericks 10.9 there is a very slight difference in casing:

defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE

For Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, 10.7 Lion, 10.6 Snow Leopard the setting remains the following:

defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles TRUE

Restart Finder by the following

killall Finder

Reverse to Default & Make Files Hidden Again

defaults write com.apple.Finder AppleShowAllFiles FALSE

There is little difference in OS X Mavericks has to do with capitalisation:

defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles FALSE

Restart Finder by the following

killall Finder